(b) associated nations which declared war on the common enemy before 1 March 1945. (For this purpose, the term „associated nations“ referred to the eight associated nations and Turkey.) At the World Organization Conference, delegates from the United Kingdom and the United States of America will support a proposal to admit two Soviet socialist republics, Ukraine and Belarus, to initial membership. The three Heads of State and Government sought to establish a programme for the government of post-war Europe and the maintenance of peace between post-war countries. On the Eastern Front, the front line remained in the Soviet Union in late December 1943, but by August 1944 Soviet forces were in Poland and Romania as part of their westward advance. At the time of the conference, Red Army Marshal Georgi Zhukov`s troops were 40 miles from Berlin. Stalin felt that his position at the conference was so strong that he could dictate the conditions. ==References=====External links===James F. Byrnes, member of the delegation and future Secretary of State: „It was not about what we would let the Russians do, but about what we could get the Russians to do.“ In addition, Roosevelt hoped for a commitment from Stalin to participate in the United Nations. The Conference agreed that the issue of the main war criminals should be investigated by the three Ministers for Foreign Affairs, which should be reported in due course after the conclusion of the Conference. But with his troops occupying much of Germany and Eastern Europe, Stalin was able to effectively ratify the concessions he had won at Yalta and use his advantage over Truman and Churchill (who was replaced by Prime Minister Clement Atlee during the conference). In March 1946, barely a year after the Yalta Conference, Churchill gave his famous speech declaring that an „Iron Curtain“ had fallen on Eastern Europe, signaling the definitive end of cooperation between the Soviet Union and its Western allies and the beginning of the Cold War.

Roosevelt and many other Americans saw this as proof that the spirit of U.S.-Soviet war cooperation would continue into the postwar period. However, this feeling was short-lived. With the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 12, 1945, Harry S. Truman the thirty-third President of the United States. At the end of April, the new government clashed with the Soviets over its influence in Eastern Europe and the United Nations. Alarmed by the perceived lack of cooperation on the part of the Soviets, many Americans began to criticize Roosevelt`s handling of the Yalta negotiations. To this day, many of Roosevelt`s most vocal critics accuse him of „handing over“ Eastern Europe and Northeast Asia to the Soviet Union at Yalta, even though the Soviets made many substantial concessions.

The initiative to convene a second „Big Three“ conference came from Roosevelt, who hoped for a meeting before the US presidential election in November 1944, but then pushed for a meeting in early 1945 in a neutral location in the Mediterranean. Malta, Cyprus and Athens were each proposed. Stalin insisted that his doctors were against long journeys, rejecting these options. [7] Instead, he suggested that they meet instead in the City of Yalta on the Black Sea in Crimea. Stalin`s fear of flying also contributed to this decision. [8] Nevertheless, Stalin officially designated Roosevelt as the „host“ of the conference; All plenary sessions were to take place in the American accommodation of Livadia Palace, and Roosevelt, without exception, sat in the center of the group photos (all taken by Roosevelt`s official photographer). 1. That a United Nations conference on the proposed world organization be convened for Wednesday, 25 April 1945 and held in the United States of America. The three heads of government believe that Poland`s eastern border should follow the Curzon Line with digressions of it in some areas of five to eight kilometers in favor of Poland. They recognise that Poland must receive substantial membership in the northern and western regions.

They consider that the opinion of the new Polish Provisional Government of National Unity should be sought in due course on the extent of these accessions and that the final demarcation of Poland`s western border should then await the peace conference. Each of the three leaders had their own agenda for post-war Germany and liberated Europe. Roosevelt wanted Soviet support in the American Pacific War against Japan, especially for the planned invasion of Japan (Operation August Storm) as well as Soviet participation in the United Nations; Churchill lobbied for free elections and democratic governments in Central and Eastern Europe (especially Poland); and Stalin called for a Soviet sphere of political influence in Central and Eastern Europe as an essential aspect of the USSR`s national security strategy. Stalin`s position at the conference was one he considered so strong that he could dictate the terms. ==References=====External links===James F. Byrnes, member of the delegation and future Secretary of State: „It was not about what we would let the Russians do, but about what we could get the Russians to do.“ [9] It was agreed that the five countries that will have permanent seats on the Security Council should consult each other before the United Nations Conference on Territorial Trusteeship. The agreement invited the signatories to „consult each other jointly on the measures necessary for the exercise of the common responsibilities set out in this declaration“. During the Yalta discussions, Molotov inserted language that weakened the impact of implementing the declaration. [19] „If the Government of ——– wishes to submit views or comments on the proposals in the perspective of the Conference, the Government of the United States of America will be pleased to communicate those views and comments to the other participating Governments.“ The aim of the conference was to shape a post-war peace that was not just a collective security order, but a plan to give self-determination to the liberated peoples of post-Nazi Europe. The main purpose of the meeting was to discuss the restoration of the nations of war-torn Europe.

But within a few years, as the Cold War divided the continent, Yalta became the subject of much controversy. By this time, the Soviet army had fully occupied Poland and held much of Eastern Europe with military power three times greater than that of allied forces in the West. [Citation needed] The declaration of liberated Europe did little to dispel the armistice agreements on the sphere of influence included in the ceasefire agreements. Yalta was the second of three war conferences among the big three, preceded by the Tehran Conference in 1943 and followed in July 1945 by the Potsdam Conference, in which Stalin, Churchill (who was replaced halfway by the newly elected British Prime Minister Clement Attlee) and Harry S. Truman participated. Roosevelt`s successor. The Yalta Conference marked a turning point in the Cold War. Allied leaders came to Yalta knowing that an Allied victory in Europe was virtually inevitable, but less convinced that the Pacific War was coming to an end. Recognizing that victory over Japan might require a protracted struggle, the United States and Britain saw a great strategic advantage for Soviet involvement in the Pacific theater of war. At Yalta, Roosevelt and Churchill discussed with Stalin the conditions under which the Soviet Union would go to war with Japan, and all three agreed that the Soviets would be granted a sphere of influence in Manchuria in exchange for potentially decisive Soviet participation in the Pacific theater of war after Japan`s surrender.

These included the southern part of Sakhalin, a lease at Port Arthur (now Lüshunkou), the operation of the Manchu Railways and the Kuril Islands. This agreement was the most important concrete achievement of the Yalta Conference. 2. The nations that should be invited to this conference should be: As far as Poland is concerned, the Yalta report goes on to state that the provisional government „should be obliged to hold free and unhindered elections as soon as possible on the basis of universal and secret suffrage.“ [18] The agreement could not hide the importance of joining the short-term pro-Soviet control of the Lublin government and eliminating language calling for supervised elections. [19] Churchill defended his actions in Yalta during a three-day parliamentary debate that began on February 27 and ended with a vote of confidence. .